Spatial-Temporal Determinants of Income Inequality in the Cantons of Ecuador between 2010 and 2019: a Spatial Panel Econometric Analysis

Abstract Inequality is a problem that remains latent throughout generations, despite the growth of countries and mechanisms were implemented to mitigate it. Understanding structure spillovers from spatial point view would allow for management current resources, with aim improving distribution among individuals at cantonal level Ecuador. In this context, study aims estimate effect determinants income inequality level, through use models during period 2010–2019, 213 cantons in The Kuznets inverted-U theory applied, which allows us understand changes economic produces on levels. approach indicates average rate production per capita has made levels decrease. addition, human capital opposite expected, increasing as result concentration resource certain cantons. On other hand, entrepreneurial micro small enterprises between sense, policy objectives prioritize more homogeneous Ecuador, likewise, generate policies reducing regions, well financial development. it important strengthen prevalence Micro, medium-sized long term, family inequality.